1) What is the prevalence of autism?
Autism spectrum disorder affects people of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. According to studies and organisations, the prevalence of autism in India is estimated to be around 1 in 100 to 1 in 250 children.

2) How early can autism be diagnosed, and what are the signs in infants and toddlers?
Autism can be diagnosed as early as age 2, but signs can often be observed in infants and toddlers. Early signs may include a lack of or limited eye contact, delayed speech or communication development, and a preference for solitary play.

3) Is there a single “autism gene,” or is it a combination of genetic factors?
Autism is considered to be a complex, multifactorial disorder with a strong genetic component. While specific genes have been identified that are associated with an increased risk, there isn’t a single “autism gene.” It’s likely that multiple genes contribute to autism risk, and interactions with environmental factors also play a role.

4) What are some common misconceptions about autism that should be dispelled?
Some misconceptions about autism include the idea that all individuals with autism are non-verbal, that they lack empathy, or that they have exceptional abilities in certain areas (like Rain Man). It’s important to recognize that autism is a spectrum, and individuals with autism have a wide range of abilities and challenges.

5) What is the role of sensory sensitivities in autism, and how can they be managed?
Sensory sensitivities are common in autism and can affect how individuals perceive and respond to sensory stimuli. Strategies to manage sensory sensitivities may include sensory integration therapy, creating sensory-friendly environments, and using sensory tools like weighted blankets or noise-cancelling headphones.

6) What can family members and friends do to support individuals with autism?
Supporting individuals with autism involves understanding their unique needs, being patient and empathetic, and creating an inclusive and accepting environment. It’s also important to educate oneself about autism and seek guidance from professionals or support groups when needed.

7) Can individuals with autism live independently and lead fulfilling lives?
Many individuals with autism can lead independent and fulfilling lives with the right support and interventions. The level of independence achievable varies widely depending on the individual’s strengths and challenges. Early intervention and a supportive community can make a significant difference in their outcomes.

8) Are there any promising research developments in the field of autism?
Autism research is an active area, with ongoing studies exploring various aspects of the disorder, including genetics, early intervention, and neurobiology. Promising areas of research include personalised therapies and interventions tailored to each individual’s needs.